Cancer management and research
Development and External Validation of a Preoperative Nomogram for Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Using Routine Ultrasound and Core Needle Biopsy Variables
By Taxifulati N, Abulaiti G, Zhang Y and 2 others.
Abstract
Background
Accurate preoperative assessment of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) is essential for individualized axillary management in breast cancer, yet imaging-based evaluation alone remains imperfect. We aimed to develop and externally validate a practical nomogram based on routinely available preoperative ultrasound and core needle biopsy (CNB) variables.