Blended Learning with Holographic Imaging Support in Urologic Oncology Education for International Medical Students: A Controlled Educational Study

Purpose

Teaching urologic oncology to international medical students is challenging because the content is anatomically complex, clinically applied, and often learned in a second-language environment. This study evaluated whether a blended-learning intervention with holographic imaging support improved theoretical knowledge and performance on case-analysis questions. Patients and methods: In this single-center, parallel-group randomized controlled educational study conducted between April and June 2024, 80 international undergraduate medical students were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention group receiving blended learning with holographic imaging support or a control group receiving conventional teacher-centered instruction using a computer-generated allocation sequence prepared in Microsoft Excel (40 students per group). Holographic imaging included QR-code-linked three-dimensional models, HoloLens-supported interactive exploration, and surgical videos with holographic navigation. Outcomes included a post-module assessment and an anonymous learner-perception questionnaire.