Salivary Omics as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool for Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review

Introduction

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of oral malignancies and is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Because saliva is in continuous contact with the oral mucosa, it accumulates tumour-derived molecules and can be collected non-invasively. The integrated application of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics — collectively termed salivary omics (salivaomics) — has provided a practical platform for biomarker discovery.