Next-Generation Therapies in Multiple Myeloma: Emerging Targets, Cellular Immunotherapy, and Strategies to Overcome Treatment Resistance

Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma-cell malignancy characterized by recurrent relapse, treatment resistance, and immune dysfunction. Although proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, anti-CD38 antibodies, and autologous stem-cell transplantation have improved outcomes, most patients eventually progress. Recent treatment development has therefore focused on antigen-directed and immune-based therapies capable of producing deep responses in relapsed disease.