Patient-Derived Melanoma Organoids Preserve Tumor-Immune Heterogeneity and Reveal Context-Dependent Responses to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Abstract Background: Experimental models that retain endogenous tumor immune complexity are needed to investigate heterogeneous responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma. We established patient-derived melanoma organoids (PDMOs) to examine retention of parental tumor cellular components and investigate patient-specific and context-dependent responses to checkpoint blockade.