Reassessing prognosis in renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus: Prospective data from 46 cases

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate perioperative and oncologic outcomes after radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus, and to assess whether survival relates more to thrombus extent or tumor biology. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 46 patients with RCC and IVC tumor thrombus treated between 2019 and 2022; the last follow-up was March 2025. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and exploratory univariate Cox regression.