Inhibition of IL-1β in Colon Cancer Microenvironment Declines Tumor Growth by Regulation of Anti-Tumor Immunity and Colon Microbiome

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Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key driver of disease progression, shaping both pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine that participates in both homeostatic and pathological conditions. It has been shown to be upregulated in many tumors, including CRC, where it promotes angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and resistance to chemotherapy. (2)