A multiphase, multimethod protocol for evaluating air-in-line alarms and infusion-technology usability during antineoplastic drug administration

Air-in-line alarms during intravenous administration of antineoplastic drugs can interrupt therapy, increase nursing workload, and affect the continuity and safety of treatment. Although advanced infusion technologies have been introduced to reduce these events, evidence comparing their performance in clinical practice remains limited. This protocol describes a multicenter, prospective, multiphase study, combining a controlled simulation phase with two observational phases, designed to investigate the occurrence and management of air-in-line alarms during antineoplastic drug administration. The study aims to identify technological, clinical, and organizational factors associated with alarm occurrence and management while evaluating healthcare professionals’ user experience and observed professional practices related to infusion therapy. Findings will support the development of evidence-based recommendations to improve infusion safety, optimize therapeutic continuity, and guide the selection and implementation of infusion technologies in oncology settings.