A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration

Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (PHSCC) is extremely rare in clinical practice. This article reports on a 72-year-old patient who was diagnosed with liver space-occupying lesions. MRI showed an irregular signal lesion located in liver segments Ⅳ–Ⅷ. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed to obtain tissue specimens from the hepatic lesion and enlarged hilar lymph nodes. Squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed based on pathological morphology and immunophenotype. Systemic workup excluded other primary malignancies, and a final diagnosis of primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma was established. This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma. EUS-FNA offers advantages in obtaining samples from deep abdominal tissues, particularly lymph nodes, and thus provides a diagnostic tool for liver space-occupying lesions.