Technological and analytical advancements in liquid biopsy for multiomic profiling of lymphomas and immunopathological conditions

This is a review of up to date technological and analytical innovations in liquid biopsy to lymphomas, and its role in multi-omics-based disease characterisation, enhanced diagnostic accuracy, minimal residual disease (MRD) detection and how it can be used to support personalised therapy. The literature review of the recent research in lymphoma liquid biopsy was performed thoroughly, focusing on next generation sequencing technologies, cfDNA fragmentomics, methylation profiling, CRISPR diagnostic, nanotechnology enabled biosensors, microfluidic chipsets, extracellular vesicle (EV) based assays, or immune receptor fingerprinting. High-sensitivity ctDNA assays, fragmentomic and epigenetic markers, single-EV digital detection, multi-omics integration aided by machine learning, and enhanced biosensing technologies by nanotechnology show significant progress in early diagnostic, detection of MRD, stratification of disease and immune profiling in lymphoma. All of these technologies improve the accuracy of the analysis and clinical interpretability and overcome drawbacks of traditional biopsy strategies. The move toward multi-omics platforms encompassing technology integration in the place of traditional liquid biopsy methods marks an important milestone in the efforts to achieve precision in managing lymphoma. Clinical validation of these innovations is active, but the possibilities to make earlier diagnosis, monitor dynamic diseases, and make therapeutic decisions much more individualistic are high.