Excerpt from the 2025 EASL practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the imaging, molecular characterization, and systemic treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, early-stage detection, accurate classification, and effective management of CCA possess challenges. Therefore, the EASL commissioned an expert panel to draft evidence-based recommendations on account of recent research advances and significant differences in CCA subtypes for the management of extrahepatic CCA, including distal and perihilar CCA, with particular attention to the integration of emerging molecular concepts and practical strategies that reflect an accurate classification system needed in real-world clinical situations for the diagnosis and treatment.