Abstract
Maintenance of asepsis in operation theatres is one of the most important requirements for successful surgical practice. Contamination of the surgical environment can lead to surgical site infections (SSIs), delayed wound healing, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs.[1] Modern operation theatres employ various sterilization methods such as formaldehyde fumigation, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical disinfectants to reduce microbial contamination. Although effective, many of these methods are associated with disadvantages such as toxicity, environmental hazards, high cost, and the need for specialized equipment.[2] Ayurveda has described an indigenous method of environmental sterilization known as Dhupana Karma (medicated fumigation). References regarding Dhupana are available in classical texts such as Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Kashyapa Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya. Ancient Acharyas recommended fumigation of operation theatres (Shalyagara), wound care units, surgical instruments, labour rooms, and hospital wards using medicinal substances possessing Rakshoghna (protective) and Krimighna (antimicrobial) properties. Commonly used drugs include Guggulu, Nimba, Vacha, Sarshapa, Haridra, Agaru, and Devadaru.[3] Recent scientific studies have demonstrated antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and deodorizing activities of many Dhupana drugs, suggesting a scientific basis for their traditional use. The present review aims to explore the concept of Dhupana Karma, its classical references, commonly used formulations, probable mode of action, and its relevance in maintaining asepsis in Minor Operation Theatres.[4] The available evidence indicates that Ayurvedic fumigation may serve as a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and supportive measure for infection control when used alongside standard sterilization protocols.
