In Vitro Antibacterial Activity, Extraction Yield and Qualitative Phytochemical Profile of Ganoderma lucidum from the Melghat Region, Maharashtra, India

The present study evaluated the extraction yield, qualitative phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of Ganoderma lucidum collected from the Melghat region of Amravati District, Maharashtra, India. Dried basidiocarps were extracted using acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water, and the resulting extracts were evaluated for their extraction yield and major phytochemical groups. Antibacterial activity was assessed against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus by the disc diffusion method, with ciprofloxacin used as the reference antibiotic. Distilled water produced the highest extraction yield (26.84 ± 0.21%), followed by methanol (19.73 ± 0.14%), ethanol (15.42 ± 0.11%), acetone (7.26 ± 0.06%) and ethyl acetate (5.89 ± 0.05%). Qualitative screening revealed variable occurrence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids, whereas alkaloids were not detected in any extract. The ethanol, distilled water and methanol extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against both test bacteria. The methanol extract showed the highest activity against E. coli (17.5 mm), whereas the distilled water extract showed the highest activity against S. aureus (18.5 mm). The results indicate that G. lucidum possesses solvent-dependent antibacterial potential and may represent a promising source of bioactive fungal metabolites.