Physiological Associations, Within-Session Repeatability, and Exploratory Prediction of Peak Oxygen Uptake Using the Revised 3-Minute Seated Stepping Test in Healthy Young Japanese Adults

Background and Objectives: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a reference standard for cardiorespiratory fitness but requires specialized equipment and trained personnel. The Revised 3-Minute Seated Stepping Test (r3MSST) requires minimal space and equipment. This study examined its physiological associations, within-session repeatability, and exploratory prediction of peak V˙O2 in healthy young adults.