Laparoscopic and Immunohistochemistry Assessment after Cystorrhaphy reinforced with magnesium oxide Nano particles in dogs

This manuscript focuses on the impact of topical applications of Nano Magnesium Oxide (NMO) to improve healing process during cystorrhaphy reinforced with omentum in dog. Twelve adult male dogs allocated in current research their weight and age were 20 ±0.5 kg, 14.9 ±0.57 months, respectively. The experiment animals divided into two equal groups (n=6). 5 centimeter linear induced defect at the dorsal wall of urinary bladder then repairing by cystorrhaphy and covered by thin layer of NMO then reinforced by omental pedicle in treated group, while in the control group, the same procedure but without using NMO. Laparoscopic examination, in addition to histopathological and immunohistochemistry assessments were recorded in different periods after surgery. Laparoscopic examination in control group indicated presence of severe adhesion, while mild adhesion in NMO group. Histopathological changes in control group presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells, hemorrhage, hyperplasia of gland, whereas in NMO group the changes indicated presence of new blood vessels and deposition of collagen fiber. The immunohistochemistry changes of VEGF expression in control group indicated moderate expression whereas expression was very strong in NMO group. The changes of TNFα expression in control group show moderately pronounced expression, while NMO group indicated presence mild expression. In conclusion, topical NMO application significantly enhanced bladder tissue regeneration, reduced inflammatory markers, and minimized postoperative adhesions. These findings support the potential utility of NMO as a bioactive scaffold for promoting urological tissue repair and regeneration.