Epididymal cysts in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment approaches and clinical outcomes

To systematically synthesise current evidence on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, natural history, and outcomes reported under different management approaches for epididymal cysts (ECs) in boys.

A PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from inception through 31 August 2026. Observational studies including males younger than 18 years with ECs and reporting clinical outcomes were eligible. Random-effects meta-analyses of single-arm proportions were performed for key prevalence outcomes.