Exercise as a Complementary Intervention for Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Neurobiological Analysis

Objective

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Stimulant medication remains its first-line treatment, but perceived ineffectiveness, side effects, and lack of treatment access may pose challenges for adults with ADHD. Physical exercise has received increasing attention in the treatment of children with ADHD, but research in adults is scarce. This paper aims to explore possible mechanisms by which exercise could reduce inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive symptoms in adults with ADHD.