The prognostic value of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes mutations in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Background KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF (RAS/RAF) genes mutations play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). We conducted this study to investigate whether RAS/RAF genes mutations have a prognostic value in patients with MM. Material and methods 117 newly diagnosed MM patients underwent the FISH technique to detect high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and TP53 mutations. Results In the study patient group, patients with the KRAS mutation had significantly longer OS and PFS compared to those with the TP53 mutation; patients with the BRAF mutation had significantly longer OS compared to those with the TP53 mutation. In the patient without high-risk cytogenetics based on FISH, patients with the KRAS mutation had significantly longer OS and PFS compared to those with the TP53 mutation. Conversely, in the patients with high-risk cytogenetics based on FISH, no difference in survival time has been observed among patient groups harboring different gene mutations. Conclusions RAS/RAF gene mutations may have important prognostic implications for MM but should be considered in conjunction with other abnormalities, such as chromosomal abnormalities and TP53 mutations.