Clinical practice guidelines in primary treatment for temporomandibular disorders: The Japanese Society for the Temporomandibular Joint, 2023 edition

This guideline aimed to make evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the primary treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) for general practitioners who do not specialize in TMD.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine, a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of multiple treatments was conducted, assessing the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 and December 2020 were included. Patients diagnosed with TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders were considered. Myalgia, arthralgia, and maximal mouth opening were selected as outcomes, and 12 treatments were included in the NMA. The modified Delphi method was used to reach a consensus on recommendations during clinical guideline panel meetings of the Japanese Society for the Temporomandibular Joint.