Development of a novel organoid-based two-dimensional system to model the intestinal host-parasite interface in fasciolosis

Background

The earliest interactions between Fasciola hepatica newly excysted juveniles (FhNEJ) and the intestinal epithelium remain poorly understood, partly due to the limited availability of physiologically relevant in vitro models. Here, we establish a human duodenum organoid-derived epithelial monolayer (ODM) co-culture system to investigate the early host-parasite interface, providing a controlled experimental platform for analysing interactions between FhNEJ and the intestinal epithelium.