Latent class/profile analysis in research on school bullying behavior patterns: a systematic review

Background

School bullying is a major public health concern affecting adolescents worldwide. Traditional cutoff point and outlier approaches have inherent limitations in identifying bullying behavior patterns and fail to capture the heterogeneity of bullying roles and the co-occurrence of bullying types. Latent class/profile analysis (LCA/LPA), as a person-centered analytical approach, offers a novel pathway to deepen understanding of complex bullying behavior patterns.