Vitamin D Deficiency, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and MASLD in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1044 older patients with T2DM who were treated at the Department of Endocrinology of Gansu Provincial Hospital between April 2021 and June 2024. MASLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Demographic, metabolic, and biochemical data were collected, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), sialic acid (SA), and homocysteine (HCY). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association between 25(OH)D levels and the presence of MASLD.