Gene-Guided Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrative Review of the Pharmacogenetics of Metformin and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors

Background

Inter-individual variability in the therapeutic response to antidiabetic drugs is still a big problem in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Genetic polymorphisms of drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes and molecular targets have become significant factors in drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. This review aims to provide a summary of the current evidence on the pharmacogenomics of metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and their implications for precision medicine in T2DM.