Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children: A Scoping Review

Background

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE), as there is limited pediatric-specific evidence, lack of specific diagnostic tests, and heavy reliance on adult data. This scoping review, the first dedicated specifically to the pediatric population, aims to evaluate the current literature on NPSLE in cSLE (cNPSLE), grade the level of evidence, and identify knowledge gaps in knowledge related to its manifestations, diagnosis, predictors, treatment and outcomes.