Urban parks as social infrastructure: behavioral pathways to social interaction in densifying cities

Background

Urban parks are important public health and social infrastructure, yet evidence on how older adults' park-use intentions are associated with visitation and Social interaction remains limited, particularly in densely populated Global South cities. This study applied an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to examine behavioral and contextual factors associated with park use and social interaction among older adults in Karachi, Pakistan.