Autologous Hematopoietic Transplantation Reduces Brain Inflammatory and Axoglial Damage Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis

Background and objectives: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) can induce long-lasting immune tolerance and disease quiescence in patients with severe multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that AHSCT would induce persistent decreases in inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and axoglial damage biomarkers in serum and CSF.