Bilateral Anophthalmia Associated With Ventricular Septal Defect, Atrial Septal Defect, and Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Rare Neonatal Case Report

Background

Anophthalmia is a rare congenital ocular malformation characterized by the complete absence of the eye and its associated ocular structures. Bilateral anophthalmia is particularly uncommon and is frequently associated with multisystem congenital anomalies. Congenital heart disease represents one of the most commonly reported systemic associations; therefore, all infants diagnosed with bilateral anophthalmia should undergo comprehensive systemic evaluation, including detailed cardiovascular assessment. However, the coexistence of bilateral anophthalmia with multiple congenital cardiac defects remains uncommon, with only a limited number of cases reported in the literature.