Сучасні підходи до ендоскопічної діагностики та спостереження за передраковими станами шлунка: огляд сучасних рекомендацій MAPS III (2025)

This review addresses current approaches to the diagnosis and surveillance of gastric precancerous conditions according to the MAPS III 2025 guidelines, which emphasise the integration of endoscopic and histological assessment. Risk stratification remains based on the OLGA (Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment) and OLGIM (Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia) systems, while endoscopic assessment, including the EGGIM (Endoscopic Grading of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia) classification, is gaining increasing importance. The integration of high-quality endoscopy with histological evaluation improves the identification of patients at increased risk of gastric cancer and facilitates personalised surveillance strategies. The MAPS III recommendations also highlight the importance of systematic endoscopic assessment and targeted biopsies for accurate diagnosis and staging of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. The absence of organised gastric cancer screening programmes in many countries, including Ukraine, limits opportunities for early detection and underscores the need for risk-based strategies and improved endoscopic practice. Of particular importance are the standardization of endoscopic examination and improvement of healthcare professionals’ expertise in recognizing early neoplastic changes of the gastric mucosa. A comprehensive risk-based approach may facilitate the timely identification of patients at high risk of progression of precancerous lesions, determination of the optimal strategy for further evaluation, and regular endoscopic surveillance. Further research should focus on refining non-invasive and endoscopic diagnostic methods and adapting international recommendations to national healthcare settings.