Dual-weight hyaluronic acid combined with NAD+, resveratrol, and mannitol for dermal regeneration: a mechanistic review

Background

Cutaneous aging is characterized by extracellular-matrix (ECM) degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) availability, and increased oxidative stress. Conventional hyaluronic acid (HA)-based injectables provide hydration and structural support but are not designed to directly address these metabolic and redox pathways.