Topical agents for skin rejuvenation: Role of antioxidants and cosmeceuticals

Skin rejuvenation remains a universal esthetic concern across all age groups, as the skin visibly reflects both intrinsic aging and cumulative extrinsic insults. Photoaging, driven primarily by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and exacerbated by pollution, smoking, and other environmental factors, leads to oxidative stress, altered cellular signaling, impaired repair mechanisms, and the development of fine lines, wrinkles, and dyspigmentation. Contemporary rejuvenation strategies emphasize a multimodal approach focused on the correction of existing damage and prevention of further injury. Topical agents play a central role, particularly antioxidant-based cosmeceuticals, sunscreens, moisturizers, depigmenting agents, exfoliants, peptides, and botanicals. Antioxidants such as Vitamins C and E, coenzyme Q10, idebenone, alpha-lipoic acid, retinols, and botanical polyphenols mitigate reactive oxygen species, enhance photoprotection, support collagen synthesis, and aid post-procedural recovery. Broad-spectrum sunscreens remain foundational, offering molecular and immunologic protection beyond UV filtration. In skin of color, topical rejuvenation provides a safer, long-term strategy for managing photoaging and pigmentation while maintaining skin integrity and radiance.