Assessment of Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, resulting from insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been linked to insulin resistance and to the mechanisms underlying diabetic complications. This study aimed to compare serum TNF-α levels between patients with T2DM and healthy controls, and to examine their relationship with random blood glucose (RBG), age, body mass index (BMI), reported diabetic complications, infections, and clinical symptoms.