Clinical and etiological profile of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients from middle india

Background

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common gastrointestinal emergency with considerablemorbidity and mortality. The etiological pattern of UGIB varies geographically and is influenced by the prevalence ofchronic liver disease, portal hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, and other risk factors. The present study was undertaken toevaluate the clinical, etiological, and endoscopic profile of UGIB and to identify clinical factors associated with mortality ina tertiary-care hospital in Middle India. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted amongpatients presenting with acute UGIB to the emergency department from April 2016 to March 2018. Patients were evaluatedclinically and underwent relevant laboratory and radiological investigations followed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.The type and cause of bleeding, presence of cirrhosis and portal hypertension, endoscopic findings, therapeutic interventions,re-bleeding, and mortality were recorded. In patients with non-variceal bleeding, the Rockall score was used for prognosticassessment. Associations between clinical parameters and mortality were assessed using appropriate statistical tests, with ap-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.