Clinical outcomes of next-generation sequencing-negative thyroid nodules on active surveillance: A single-centre retrospective study

Background

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples is increasingly used alongside cytology to risk-stratify indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda III/IV), with NGS-negative results often supporting active surveillance over surgery. However, outcome data for NGS-negative nodules, particularly regarding serial ultrasonographic behaviour and missed malignancy, remain limited.