Biochemical abnormalities related to CKD–MBD and bone mineral density in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with disturbances in mineral metabolism and skeletal health that contribute to CKD–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD). Assessment of biochemical abnormalities and bone mineral density (BMD) may help characterize these changes in patients with advanced CKD.