Clinical Profile of Echocardiographically Estimated Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Non Dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3-5: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction

Pulmonary Hypertension (PHTN) is increasingly recognised as a clinically significant complication of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), even before initiation of dialysis. However, the clinical profile, echocardiographic pulmonary pressure estimates, and biochemical correlates of PHTN in Non Dialysis-Dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) stages 3-5 remain incompletely characterised.