Associations of Hyperuricaemia with Frailty, Probable Sarcopenia, and Sleep Quality in Older Adults

Background: This study investigated the associations of hyperuricaemia with sleep quality, frailty, and probable sarcopenia in older adults.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included geriatric outpatients aged ≥65 years who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. Hyperuricaemia was defined as serum uric acid >6 mg/dL in females and >7 mg/dL in males. Sleep quality was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Frailty was evaluated using the FRAIL scale, and probable sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: The mean age was 75.6 years, and 68.6% were female. Hyperuricaemia was more frequent in women and was associated with higher body mass index and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (all p < 0.001). In univariable analyses, hyperuricaemia was associated with urinary incontinence, polypharmacy, lower grip strength, and higher FRAIL scores (all p < 0.05), whereas no significant associations were observed with sleep-related parameters. In multivariable analyses, body mass index (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.11), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.97), and coronary heart disease (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.07–3.23) remained independently associated with hyperuricaemia.Conclusions: Hyperuricaemia was associated with frailty and probable sarcopenia in unadjusted analyses, but these associations were not independent after adjustment for confounders. No significant association was found with sleep quality. Hyperuricaemia appeared to be more closely related to cardiometabolic risk factors and impaired renal function than to geriatric syndromes themselves.