Sex-Based Differences in Objective Measures of Quadriceps Recovery Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adults: A Systematic Review

Background

Quadriceps strength deficit remains one of the most persistent impairments following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and is linked to delayed return to sport and increased reinjury risk. While females sustain ACL injuries at substantially greater rates than males, it remains unclear whether biol ogical sex also influences postoperative quadriceps recovery. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether sex-based differences exist in quadriceps strength, power, and morphology following ACLR in adults.