Longitudinal Interaction Between Frailty and Postoperative Symptom Burden in Older Adults Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model Study

Background/Objectives: Frailty and postoperative symptom burden are common in older adults undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, but their temporal associations remain unclear. This study examined longitudinal associations between frailty and two symptom dimensions, symptom severity and symptom interference, using the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM).