Association of Haptoglobin Genotype with Cardiovascular Disease and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background

Cardiovascular disease remains a major determinant of long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation. Haptoglobin (HP) is a genetically polymorphic hemoglobin-binding protein involved in hemoglobin scavenging, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Although the HP 2–2 genotype has been associated with cardiometabolic risk in non-transplant populations, its clinical relevance after kidney transplantation remains uncertain.