Long-Term Mortality and Causes of Death After Kidney and Liver Transplantation: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea

Background/Objectives: We analyzed long-term and cause-specific mortality among kidney and liver transplant recipients in South Korea.

Methods

Using National Health Insurance Service and Statistics Korea data, we identified 24,332 kidney and 16,325 liver transplant recipients transplanted between 2006 and 2020. Three-, five-, and ten-year survival rates were estimated in nested fixed-entry subcohorts with observation closed at each horizon; multivariable Cox models were fitted in the full cohorts, with subcohort models used as consistency checks. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) applied identical cause-of-death classifications to observed and expected deaths (2011–2020).