Diagnostics
Evaluating Laryngeal Stability in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism Using Hilbert–Huang Transform and Chaos Dynamics: A Multi-Vowel Nonlinear Acoustic Framework for Differential Diagnosis
By Andrew An-Zhe Lee and Chun-Hung Lee.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is a common extrapyramidal adverse effect of dopamine-receptor blocking agents, yet interpretable biomarkers of its acoustics remain limited. This study investigated whether nonlinear dynamics could provide physiologically interpretable markers of DIP and clarify how these abnormalities vary across vowels and extrapyramidal symptoms.