BMP-2 in Orthopedic Trauma and Limb Reconstruction: Current Evidence, Limitations, and Future Directions

Background/Objectives: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is an osteoinductive agent increasingly used in many orthopedic cases such as fracture healing, nonunion, critical-sized bone defects, and limb reconstruction cases. However, its efficacy and safety remain controversial especially regarding its optimal dosing, delivery, and adverse effect concerns. This narrative review aims to summarize the rhBMP-2 evidence in orthopedic trauma and limb reconstruction.