Automated 3D morphological analysis of calcaneal fractures on CT-scans using deep learning-based segmentation and rule-based geometric measurements

Background

The calcaneus is a complex anatomical structure essential for upright posture and movement. Calcaneal fractures can result in substantial disability. Treatment varies from non-operative to surgical fixation, depending on fracture morphology. Current assessment relies on subjective interpretation of 2D and 3D imaging, limiting reproducibility and standardization. Quantitative and automated tools may improve fracture characterization, although clinical application requires further validation.