Prevalence and Factors Associated with Microbial and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Contamination of Smartphones Among Medical Students at Six Universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Background/Objectives: Smartphones used by medical students may serve as reservoirs for microbial contamination and contribute to the transmission of healthcare-associated microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the level of microbial contamination of smartphones, prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species (MRSS), and associated risk factors among undergraduate medical students in Klang Valley, Malaysia.