Knowledge, attitudes, and information needs regarding norovirus infection among parents of primary school students directly affected by outbreaks: a cross-sectional study in Hangzhou, China

BackgroundNorovirus outbreaks are prevalent in primary schools; however, few studies have specifically examined the parents directly impacted by these events.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2025 and March 2026. Parents from seven primary schools affected by norovirus outbreaks in Hangzhou, China, were invited to complete a self-administered online questionnaire. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of norovirus pathogenesis, attitudes toward prevention and control, and information needs.ResultsA total of 322 valid responses were obtained (response rate 82.14%). Among respondents, 83.85% reported awareness of norovirus. The mean knowledge score regarding norovirus pathogenesis was 6.43 ± 1.91 out of 11 (58.45% correct), with only 14.07% attaining a “good” knowledge level (≥9 points). Attitude scores were high, with a rate of 88.22% of the maximum. Multivariable logistic regression identified educational attainment (bachelor’s degree or higher: OR = 6.27, 95% CI: 1.75–52.28), residence type (detached house: OR = 5.76, 95% CI: 1.48–6.18), and active information-seeking (OR = 24.60, 95% CI: 11.28–53.66) as factors independently associated with good knowledge level.ConclusionParents directly affected by norovirus outbreaks demonstrated inadequate knowledge but held positive attitudes. Proactive information-seeking was the strongest predictor of good knowledge. Targeted health education, particularly through WeChat parent groups, is urgently required to bridge knowledge gaps and foster active learning.