Progress in diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease and clinical application and prospect of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system with a high incidence in middle-aged and elderly populations. The global prevalence and incidence of PD are increasing, placing a heavy burden on the public health system. In recent years, a series of important breakthroughs have been made in the field of multi-modal imaging diagnosis, specific biomarker screening, genetic susceptibility analysis, and pathological mechanism exploration, which provide a key basis for the early and accurate diagnosis, subtype identification, and disease monitoring of PD. Acupuncture and moxibustion, as core therapies in traditional medicine, have become important adjuvant treatments for PD. This paper systematically reviews the latest research results in the field of PD diagnosis and treatment; expounds the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine and modern pathophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of PD; summarizes the individualized treatment strategies, clinical application status, and guidelines recommended at home and abroad for acupuncture and moxibustion; and looks forward to future research directions and development prospects in this field. To provide a theoretical reference and practical basis for the precise diagnosis and treatment of PD using integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.