Stroke treatment

Introduction. Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Effective management requires rapid reperfusion, secondary prevention, and appropriate rehabilitation. This paper reviews thrombolysis, thrombectomy, atorvastatin therapy, VR-based rehabilitation, and emerging exosome-based treatment as selected approaches to stroke management. Materials and methods. Relevant literature was identified through a structured search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search included terms such as “Stroke treatment,” followed by more specific phrases related to VR rehabilitation, thrombolysis, thrombectomy, treatment using exosomes, atorvastatin and surgical treatment. The analysis primarily included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials in accordance with Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) principles. Results. The reviewed treatments demonstrated beneficial effects at different stages of stroke management. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy improved reperfusion and functional outcomes in appropriately selected patients. Atorvastatin reduced the risk of recurrent vascular events and supported secondary prevention. VR-based rehabilitation showed potential to improve motor function, balance and mobility. Exosome-based therapy demonstrated promising neuroprotective and regenerative effects, although current evidence remains predominantly preclinical. Conclusions. Stroke treatment requires a comprehensive approach combining acute reperfusion, secondary prevention and rehabilitation. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy remain essential for eligible patients, while atorvastatin supports secondary prevention. VR-based rehabilitation may enhance functional recovery, and exosome therapy represents a promising emerging approach. Further research is needed to establish the long-term efficacy and clinical application of newer therapies.