Exploring the Association of Sū’ Mizāj al-Kabid al-Bārid with the Clinical Profile of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Although Tashaḥḥum-i-Kabid Ghayr Khamrī not explicitly described in classical Unani literature, its clinicopathological features closely resemble Sū’-i-Mizāj al-Kabid al-Bārid, involving impaired hepatic temperament, defective metabolism, and fat accumulation.