Poor Sleep Quality and Its Associated Factors among Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background Sleep issues are prevalent yet frequently overlooked in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. This research assessed sleep quality and related factors in hospitalized patients with COPD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 205 patients diagnosed with COPD who were admitted to Babol University of Medical Sciences from December 2023 to February 2024. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), COPD severity was measured with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Independent t-tests, ANOVA, and multivariable linear regression were used to analyze demographic and clinical data. Result A total of 205 patients participated, including 139 males (67.8%) and 66 females (32.2%). All participants had subpar sleep quality based on PSQI criteria. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, age, body mass index, the presence and number of comorbidities, cigarette smoking, hookah use, opium use, level of education, occupation, frequency of COPD-related hospitalizations, COPD severity, and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (P < 0.05). Multivariable regression analysis indicated that higher CAT scores, more frequent hospitalizations, and a greater number of comorbidities significantly predicted poorer sleep quality. Conclusion Hospitalized patients with COPD exhibited a significant prevalence of poor sleep quality. Severity of disease, presence of multiple illnesses, and frequent hospitalizations were the most significant independent predictors, underscoring the importance of regularly evaluating sleep quality as a component of thorough COPD management.