Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Nerve Block in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract Objective To retrospectively analyze the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block in thoracolumbar fracture surgery. Methods Clinical data of 84 patients with thoracolumbar fractures who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty at Xiaoshan District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, from July 2021 to July 2026 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the anesthesia method: the observation group (n = 42) received bilateral paravertebral nerve block combined with local anesthesia, while the control group (n = 42) received local anesthesia alone. The two groups were compared regarding intraoperative changes in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores immediately post-surgery (T0), and at 6 hours (T1), 12 hours (T2), and 24 hours (T3) post-surgery, as well as postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. Results The retrospective study results indicated that, compared to the local anesthesia group, the paravertebral nerve block group had shorter operative time, more stable intraoperative MAP and HR, lower postoperative VAS scores, and shorter hospital stays.these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Paravertebral nerve block anesthesia can stabilize intraoperative vital signs, shorten operative time, reduce postoperative pain scores, and demonstrates good safety.